management Basics:Management as an area of activity, science and discipline

Management is the science of governing organizations.

Organization is a group of people whose work is consciously coordinated to achieve a common goal.

Thus organization has 3 interrelated components: people, objectives and management. Management should be directed to success. An organization is considered successful if it does achieve its objectives. The components of successful organization are: 
1. Survival (competitiveness, and many other criteria) – to exist as long as possible. 
2. Effectiveness and efficiency. 
3. Performance. 
4. Practical implementation, because the goal of management is a real job done by real people. Thus a successful management is considered to be the management witch is implemented in practice, i.e. it is transformed into action that brings to effectiveness and efficiency.

The management process consists of 4 interrelated functions: 
1. Planning – involves to decide what should be the goals of the organization and what should make members of organization to achieve these goals. Thus planning is a way through witch management ensures the unity of effort of all organization’s members to achieve its overall goals. 
2. Organizing – involves the creation of organizational structure, which includes the creation of divisions, departments, and the distribution of powers. Distribution of powers means the distribution of tasks and responsibilities for specific performers. 
3. Motivating – the creation of internal motivation to act. The head must always remember that even well-laid plans and most complete structure of the organization have neither a sense, if someone does not perform the technical work and the problem of motivation function lies in the fact that members are doing their job in accordance with their responsibilities and plan. Thus motivation function is very important for the head. In order to effectively motivate their subordinates, managers should determine what the true needs of employees are and provide a way to meet those needs. 
4. Controlling – the insurance that the organization truly achieves its goals. Thus the control is the implementation of adjustment of the plans, if any will be needed.

All these 4 management functions have 2 common characteristics: 
1. All these 4 functions require decision-making. 
2. For all 4 functions is necessary communications, i.e. exchange of information for making correct decisions. 
These 2 processes: the process of decision-making and the process of communication make the correlation between functions. 
Decision-making process is a managing intellectual work, this is the choice of how and what to plan, organize, motivate and monitor, and in the most general terms, this is what constitutes the essence of leadership.

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